Standards and Technical Specifications
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A solar panel installation undergoes final inspection in accordance with international standards. (Photo: NREL) |
Properly drafted specifications and the use of international standards can allow each energy system to be tailored to meet the needs of the facility while still ensuring best practice design and installation protocols are followed.
The procurement and installation of energy systems is the first important step to ensure optimal performance and reliability. The size, model and make, and physical installation of system components are all crucial elements to proper system operation. There are international standards guiding nearly every aspect of the design, manufacture and installation of energy systems and health infrastructure. Incorporating internationally recognized standards into technical specifications for the procurement of materials and installation services is an important first step in achieving system longevity. As standard-setting bodies for the health care sector, government health ministries should seriously consider adding system design standards to their regulations. It is important, however, to not confuse design standards with a “one size fits all approach.”
Energy system design specifications can be developed using the energy audit data sheets. The specification should keep the size and capacity of the health center in sight. Energy Specialists preparing the bid specifications should have no bias for a particular technology or company for the job. Finished specifications should be offered by funding entities and facilities as a package to tendering companies to enable fair bidding on equivalent specified equipment.
Provided below is a summary of many relevant international standards for a variety of energy systems and energy system equipment. These standards lists are not necessarily exhaustive, but serve as a good reference. Several example bidding documents, used for procurement in actual IFHI initiatives, are also provided.
Writing Technical Specifications
The level of detail used in technical specifications for the procurement of power equipment and services will differ based on the needs and expected outcomes for a particular facility. Providing a high level of detail in technical specifications will help to ensure that quality equipment and workmanship is provided by contractors. However, too much detail may limit a bidder’s ability to offer low-cost options or alternative proposals.
Generally, bidders should be allowed some flexibility in offering equipment or services. For example, unless a specific brand of equipment is needed, it is best not to specify equipment brands, but to rely on minimum technical requirements to specify equipment procurement. Citing established standards, like those listed on this page, is a good way to ensure the quality of products or services while allowing bidders to determine the best value they can offer. Below are some additional tips to keep in mind when specifying particular types of power equipment.
System Component | Specification Guidance |
---|---|
System Voltage | The specifications should clearly indicate the system voltage. |
PV Array | Specification and bid documents should provide clear instructions with regard to the array size and type of solar modules required. |
PV Array Mounting | Mounting structures will vary depending on the location, roofing materials and specific circumstances of the site (shade, security, etc.). Relevant site details should be included in specification and bid documents. |
Batteries | Because of the rapidly changing nature of battery technology, and the wide variety of batteries available in the market, specification and bid packages should clearly state the type and size of batteries required. |
Battery Installation | The specification and bid documents should clearly state the type of battery enclosure (or rack) required for each PV or backup system. |
Charge Regulation | The specification and bid documents should clearly state the required ratings of charge regulators (charge controllers) to be used in systems. |
Inverters | Virtually all clinic systems require inverters for the purpose of powering 240AC appliances. The features required of the inverter should be clearly laid out in the specification and bid documents. |
Hybrid System Inverters | The specification and bid document should clearly state the required ratings of inverters to be used in the systems. |
Small Inverter Systems | Smaller inverters are normally used to power one or more appliances in a particular location. The specification and bid documents should state which appliance(s) the inverter will power. |
Generator | The specification and bid document should specify the size and type of generators to be supplied for use in systems. |
Fuel Type | The specification and bid documents should provide information about the location of the generator (including housing and necessary mounting information). |
Lighting Equipment | The bid document should specify the size and type of lighting equipment to be supplied in the system. |
Switches, Connections and Cabling | Designers/bid prepares should pay attention to the wiring that carries power from the equipment center to the actual loads. |
Example Bidding Documents
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Terms of Reference: Procurement and Installation of Stand-Alone Solar PV Systems - Guyana Hinterlands, (PDF 1.9MB)
Full Terms of Reference used to procure IHFI solar systems for remote health clinics in Guyana. Includes all relevant technical specifications, standards and bid and procurement procedures.
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Terms of Reference: Procurement and Installation of Inverter and Battery Systems - Haiti Health Facilities, (PDF 12.6MB)
Full Terms of Reference used to procure IHFI backup power systems for use in Haitian hospitals. Includes all relevant technical specifications, standards and bid and procurement procedures.
Standards and Standards Bodies
A standard is a norm or requirement that establishes a basis for the common understanding and judgment of materials, products or processes. For example, the metric system of measurement provides a common basis for people the world over to judge, compare and discuss distance, weight or temperature by means of the standard units of measure meters, grams and degrees Celsius. Standards are an invaluable tool in industry and business, because they streamline business practices and provide a level playing field for businesses to develop products and services. They are also critical to ensuring that products and services are safe for consumers and the environment.
Standards come in many forms. Standard specifications define performance requirements for materials (e.g. the strength of steel), products (e.g. the light output of a lamp) and services (e.g. the installation of a battery bank). Standard test procedures are established for determining material and product specifications. There are also standards in place for practices, like financial accounting or safety inspections. Standards also exist to define terminology referenced by other standards or used within a particular industry.
To be relevant, a standard must be widely adopted. While some standards may arise naturally from customary practices most are formally set by an authority, or standards body. Standards bodies may include, for example, government agencies, private companies or industry associations. Depending their level of authority, these organizations may issue mandatory or voluntary standards. Typically, governments issue mandatory standards for products or services used or sold in their country. National building codes are a good example of a mandatory government standard. International standards are typically voluntary, but are widely adopted by governments around the world to help ensure conformity with standards in other countries.
Listed below are some of the major international standards bodies involved in the fields of energy and health. The standards issued by these bodies set best practices and performance requirements for many of the topics discussed on this site. Additional listings of individual standards specific to these topics are also provided.
Standards Body | Description |
---|---|
ASTM International | ASTM International develops standards generally geared toward the testing and certification of materials and material properties but also sets standards relating to energy and medical devices and services. While the organization originated in the United States, it is now develops standards specifically for international use. |
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) | The IEC is the leading international standards organization for electrical, electronic and other related technologies. Virtually any technology involved in the production, transmission or consumption of electricity is covered under IEC standards. This includes most of the energy technologies discussed on Powering Health, such as PV panels, inverters and batteries. |
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) | IEEE is a professional association involved in a variety of activities in addition to standards development, such as publishing research and holding conferences. Like the IEC, IEEE sets standards for electrical and electronic technologies, but it is also very active in the fields of telecommunications, transportation and healthcare. IEEE and IEC routinely work together to develop standards listed under both entities, ensuring conformity between the two organizations. |
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | ISO is one of the major international standards setting bodies. ISO develops standards for products, services and best practices. ISO standards may be technical in nature, may provide procedures for established best practices, or may simple define common international terms. For example, ISO standards range in subject matter from ISO 25.180: Industrial Furnaces to ISO 14064: GHG Reporting to ISO 3166: Country Codes. |
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) | UL is a private company that primarily specializes in product safety certification. UL labels appear on a wide variety of products, especially those that may otherwise pose an electrical or fire hazard. Aside from safety, UL standards cover other aspects of performance such as material properties, environmental sustainability, or durability. |
World Health Organization (WHO) | WHO is the authority for global health within the United Nations. The organization is involved in a wide variety health activities, including statistics gathering, program implementation and standards setting. WHO sets standards for medical devices and procedures to be used throughout the world to promote high quality medical care. |
PV System Standards
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Solar cells are tested before being moving further down the manufacturing line. (Photo: NREL) |
There are numerous national and international bodies that set standards for photovoltaics. There are standards for nearly every stage of the PV lifecycle, including: materials and processes used in the production of PV panels, testing methodologies, performance standards, and design and installation guidelines. The standards shown below are not a complete list, but are those most relevant to the procurement and installation of solar PV systems. Each standard has been loosely categorized based on its subject matter.
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Characteristics | IEC 61194 ed1.0: Characteristic parameters of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems |
Crystalline | IEC 61215 ed2.0: Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval |
Thin-film | IEC 61646 ed2.0: Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval |
Test | IEC 61701 ed2.0: Salt mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules |
Characteristics | IEC 61702 ed1.0: Rating of direct coupled photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems |
Monitoring | IEC 61724 ed1.0: Photovoltaic system performance monitoring - Guidelines for measurement, data exchange and analysis |
Characteristics | IEC 61727 ed2.0: Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Characteristics of the utility interface |
Safety | IEC 61730-1 ed1.0: Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 1: Requirements for construction |
Safety | IEC 61730-2 ed1.0: Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 2: Requirements for testing |
Terms | IEC/TS 61836 ed2.0: Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms, definitions and symbols |
Balance of System | IEC 62093 ed1.0: Balance-of-system components for photovoltaic systems - Design qualification natural environments |
Balance of System | IEC 62109-1 ed1.0: Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 1: General requirements |
Balance of System | IEC 62109-2 ed1.0: Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters |
Test | IEC 62116 ed1.0: Test procedure of islanding prevention measures for utility-interconnected photovoltaic inverters |
Design | IEC 62124 ed1.0: Photovoltaic (PV) stand alone systems - Design verification |
Design | IEC 62253 ed1.0: Photovoltaic pumping systems - Design qualification and performance measurements |
Rural electrification | IEC/TS 62257 ed1.0: Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification - Parts 1-9 |
Commissioning | IEC 62446 ed1.0: Grid connected photovoltaic systems - Minimum requirements for system documentation, commissioning tests and inspection |
Performance | IEC 62509 ed1.0: Battery charge controllers for photovoltaic systems - Performance and functioning |
Rural electrification | IEC/PAS 62111 ed1.0: Specifications for the use of renewable energies in rural decentralised electrification |
Balance of System | IEC 60269-6 ed1.0: Low-voltage fuses - Part 6: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of solar photovoltaic energy systems |
Installation | IEC 60364-1 ed5.0: Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, definitions |
Installation | IEC 60364-7-712 ed1.0: Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712: Requirements for special installations or locations - Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Performance | IEEE 1526-2003: IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing the Performance of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems |
Sizing | IEEE 1562-2007: IEEE Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems |
Interconnection | IEEE 1547.2-2008: IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547(TM), IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems |
Interconnection | IEEE 1547.3-2007: IEEE Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems |
Interconnection | IEEE 1547.1-2003: IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Crystalline | UL 1703: Standard for Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels |
Concentrated | UL 8703: Concentrator photovoltaic modules and assemblies |
Mounting | UL 790: Standard for Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings |
Mounting | UL 1897: Standard for Uplift Tests for Roof Covering Systems |
Balance of System | UL-SU 2703: Rack mounting systems and clamping devices for flat-plate photovoltaic modules and panels |
Balance of System | UL 1741: Standard for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources |
Balance of System | UL-SU 1699B: Photovoltaic (PV) DC arc-fault circuit protection |
Balance of System | UL-SU 4703: Photovoltaic wire |
Balance of System | UL 854: Standard for Service - Entrance Cables |
Balance of System | UL-SU 2579: Low-voltage fuses - fuses for photovoltaic systems |
Balance of System | UL 4248-18: Fuseholders - Part 18: Photovoltaic |
Balance of System | UL-SU 6703: Connectors for use in photovoltaic systems |
Balance of System | UL-SU 6703A: Multi-pole connectors for use in photovoltaic systems |
Test | UL-SU 5703: Determination of the maximum operating temperature rating of photovoltaic (PV) backsheet materials |
Balance of System | UL 3730: Photovoltaic junction boxes |
Balance of System | UL-SU 98B: Enclosed and dead-front switches for use in photovoltaic systems |
Balance of System | UL 489B: Molded-case circuit breakers, molded-case switches, and circuit-breaker enclosures for use with photovoltaic (PV) systems |
Category | Standard | |
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Terms | ASTM E772 - 11: Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion | |
Test | ASTM E2848 - 11: Standard Test Method for Reporting Photovoltaic Non Concentrator System Performance |
Lead-Acid Battery Standards
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Batteries properly housed in a battery rack for stationary energy storage. (Photo: NREL ) |
A number of standards have been developed for the design, testing and installation of lead-acid batteries. The internationally recognized standards listed in this section have been created by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). These standards have been selected because they pertain to lead-acid battery use in stationary applications, including UPS, rural electrification, and solar PV systems. These standards should be referenced when procuring and evaluating equipment and professional services.
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Flooded or vented lead-acid | IEC 60896-11 ed1.0: Stationary lead-acid batteries - Part 11: Vented types - General requirements and methods of tests |
Valve regulated lead-acid | IEC 60896-21 ed1.0: Stationary lead-acid batteries - Part 21: Valve regulated types - Methods of test |
IEC 60896-22 ed1.0: Stationary lead-acid batteries - Part 22: Valve regulated types - Requirements | |
Safety | IEC 62485-2 ed1.0: Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 2: Stationary batteries |
Rural electrification | IEC/TS 62257-8-1 ed1.0: Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification - Part 8-1: Selection of batteries and battery management systems for stand-alone electrification systems - Specific case of automotive flooded lead-acid batteries available in developing countries |
Cold Chain and Refrigeration Standards
In order to help designers and implementers of cold chain equipment, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a number of standards for equipment used to store, transport and monitor cold chain dependent products. These standards provide a basis for the procurement of quality equipment designed to meet the stringent specifications necessary for a robust and effective cold chain.
The following table lists each of the relevant WHO standards by category. Each listing is also a link to the standard itself. Additionally, a link to a listing of WHO pre-qualified equipment is provided for each category.
Note: Standards E01, E03 and E04 are applicable only to vaccine cold chain equipment, as blood has different cold chain requirements.
Category | Equipment Covered |
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E01 Cold rooms, freezer rooms and related equipment |
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E03 Refrigerators and freezers for storing vaccines and freezing icepacksPrequalified equipment |
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E04 Cold boxes and vaccine carriersPrequalified equipment |
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E05 Ice-packs, cool-packs and warm-packsPrequalified equipment |
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E06 Temperature monitoring devicesPrequalified equipment |
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Remote Monitoring Standards
The standards listed below describe some communications protocols and hardware components commonly used in remote monitoring. These standards are not necessarily universally applicable as many remote monitoring configurations will rely on proprietary, brand-specific communications and hardware.
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Communications | IEEE 802.11-2012: Telecommunications and information exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Hardware | TIA TIA-232-F: Interface between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Communications | MODBUS V1.1b: MODBUS Protocol Specifications |
Uniterruptible Power Supply Standards
UPS safety and compatibility requirements, in both general and medical environments.
Category | Standard |
---|---|
UPS | IEC 62040-1: Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 1: General and safety requirements for UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supplies |
UPS | IEC 62040-2: Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements – Uninterruptible Power Supplies |
UPS | IEC 62040-3: Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements – Uninterruptible Power Supplies |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Medical Equipment |
UL 60601-1: Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for Safety – Medical Equipment |
UPS | UL 1778: Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Uninterruptible Power Supplies |
Electrical System Component Standards
The standards listed below conform to the National Electric Code. These standards, while not required explicitly by the NEC, are designed to ensure that their respective components meet NEC requirements. While other international codes, such as IEC electrical codes, may differ in their requirements, these standards may still be viable. Ultimately, the local electrical code will have final authority over which codes and standards are applicable.
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Wire/cable | UL 4: Standard for Armored Cable |
Conduit | UL 1: Standard for Flexible Metal Conduit |
Other components | UL 857: Busways |
Wire/cable | UL 83: Thermoplastic-Insulated Wires and Cables |
Wire/cable | UL 44: Thermoset-Insulated Wires and Cables |
Enclosures | UL 514A: Metallic Outlet Boxes |
Conduit | UL 514B: Conduit, Tubing, and Cable Fittings |
Enclosures | UL 514C: Standard for Nonmetallic Outlet Boxes, Flush-Device Boxes, and Covers |
Enclosures | UL 514D: Cover Plates for Flush-Mounted Wiring Devices |
Conduit | UL 651: Standard for Schedule 40 and 80 Rigid PVC Conduit and Fittings |
Conduit | UL 651A: Type EB and A Rigid PVC Conduit and HDPE Conduit |
Conduit | UL 1242: Standard for Electrical Intermediate Metal Conduit - Steel |
Conduit | UL 797: Standard for Electrical Metallic Tubing - Steel |
Conduit | UL 797A: Standard for Electrical Metallic Tubing - Aluminum |
Conduit | UL 1653: Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing |
Conduit | UL 6: Electrical Rigid Metal Conduit - Steel |
Other components | UL 924: Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment |
Enclosures | UL 50: Standard for Enclosures for Electrical Equipment |
Wire/cable | UL 62: Flexible Cords and Cables |
Other components | UL 20: General-Use Snap Switches |
Other components | UL 934: Standard for Safety for Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupters |
Other components | UL 467: Standard for Grounding and Bonding Equipment |
Conduit | UL 2239: Hardware for the Support of Conduit, Tubing, and Cable |
Other components | UL 1741: Standard for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources |
Other components | UL 1047: Standard for Isolated Power Systems Equipment |
Conduit | UL 1660: Liquid-Tight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit |
Conduit | UL 360: Standard for Liquid-Tight Flexible Metal Conduit |
Other components | UL 248 (Parts 1-16): Low-Voltage Fuses |
Other components | UL 60601-1: Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for Safety |
Other components | UL 67: Standard for Panelboards |
Other components | UL 231: Standard for Power Outlets |
Wire/cable | UL 1581: Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords |
Wire/cable | UL 854: Standard for Service-Entrance Cables |
Other components | UL 1008: Standard for Transfer Switch Equipment |
Other components | UL 486A-B: Wire Connectors |
Category | Standard | |
---|---|---|
Terms | ASTM E772 - 11: Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion | |
Test | ASTM E2848 - 11: Standard Test Method for Reporting Photovoltaic Non Concentrator System Performance |
Inverter Standards
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Inverters | IEC 62109-1 ed1.0: Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 1: General requirements |
Inverters | IEC 62109-2 ed1.0: Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Inverters | UL 1741: Standard for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Grid-tied Inverters | IEEE 1547: Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems |
Lighting Standards
Category | Standard |
---|---|
LEDs |
ANSI C78.377-2008: Specifications for the Chromaticity of Solid State Lighting Products |
Fluorescent Lamps | ANSI C78.45-2007: Electric Lamps—Self-Ballasted Mercury Lamps |
Ballasts | ANSI C82.1-2004: Lamp Ballasts—Line Frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts |
Definition/ Specification | ANSI C82.13-2002: Lamp Ballasts—Definitions for Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts |
Ballasts | ANSI C82.4-2002: Lamp Ballasts—Ballasts for High-Intensity Discharge and Low-Pressure Sodium (LPS) Lamps (Multiple-Supply Type) |
Ballasts | ANSI C82.11-2011: Lamp Ballasts—High Frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts |
Definition/ Specification | ANSI C82.9-2010: Lamp Ballasts—High-Intensity Discharge (HID) and Low-Pressure Sodium (LPS) Lamps—Definitions |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-79-08: Electrical and Photometric Measurement of Solid State Lighting Products |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-80-08: Approved Method for Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources |
Measurement/ Testing | IES TM-21-11: Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources |
Installation | IES LEM-3-13: Upgrading Lighting Systems in Commercial and Institutional Spaces |
Design | IES TM-15-11: Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires |
Design | IES RP-29-06: Lighting for Hospitals and Health Care Facilities |
Design | IES RP-1-12: American National Standard Practice for Office Lighting |
Installation | IES-500-06: Installing Indoor Commercial Lighting Systems |
Installation |
IES-501-06: Installing Exterior Lighting Systems |
Installation |
IES-502-06: Installing Industrial Lighting Systems |
Definitions/ Specifications | IES RP-16-10: Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering |
Definitions/ Specifications | IES DG-3-00: Application of Luminare Symbols on Lighting Design Drawings |
LEDs | IES G-2-10: Guideline for the Application of General Illumination (“White”) Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Technologies |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-9-09: Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Fluorescent Lamps |
Definitions/ Specifications | IES LM-15-03: Guide for Reporting General Lighting Equipment Engineering Data for Indoor Luminaires |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-46-04: Photometric Testing of Indoor Luminaires Using High Intensity Discharge or Incandescent Filament Lamps |
Design | IES LM-61-06: Identifying Operating Factors for Installed Outdoor High Intensity Discharge (HID) Luminaires |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-62-06: Laboratory or Field Thermal Measurements of Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts in Luminaires |
Definitions/ Specifications | IES LM-72-97: Directional Positioning of Photometric Data |
Definitions/ Specifications | IES LM-74-05: Standard File Format For the Electronic Transfer of Luminaire Component Data |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-78-07: Approved Method for Total Luminous Flux Measurement of Lamps Using an Integrating Sphere Photometer |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-45-09: The Electrical and Photometric Measurement of General Service Incandescent Filament Lamps |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-40-10: Life Testing of Fluorescent Lamps |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-65-10: Life Testing of Compact Fluorescent Lamps |
Measurement/ Testing | IES LM-66-11: Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Single-Ended Compact Fluorescent Lamps |
LEDs | IES TM-16-05: Technical Memorandum on Light Emitting Diode (LED) Sources and Systems |
Illuminance Levels | IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
LEDs | NEMA SSL-1-2010: Electronic Drivers for LED Devices, Arrays, or Systems |
Luminaire | NEMA LE 4-2012: Recessed Luminaires—Ceiling Compatibility |
Luminaire | NEMA LE 5-2001: Procedure for Determining Luminaire Efficacy Ratings for Fluorescent Luminaires |
Specialty Lighting | NEMA EM 1-2010: Exit Sign Visibility Testing Requirements for Safety and Energy Efficiency |
Ballast | NEMA BL 3-2013: Dimming Ballast Energy Performance |
Ballast | NEMA BL 2-2009: Energy Efficiency for Electronic Ballasts for T8 Fluorescent Lamps |
Fluorescent Lamps | NEMA LL 9-2011: Dimming of T8 Fluorescent Lighting Systems |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Luminaires | UL 1598: Luminaires |
LEDs | UL 1598C: Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Retrofit Luminaire Conversion Kits |
Lamps | UL 1993: Self-ballasted Lamps and Lamp Adapters |
LEDs | UL 8750: Light Emitting Diode (LED) Equipment for Use in Lighting Products |
LEDs | UL 8752/ULC-S8752: Organic Light Emitting Diode Panels |
LEDs | UL 8753/ULC-8753: Standard for Field-Replaceable Light Emitting Diode (LED) Light Engines |
Mounting | UL 8754/ULC-8754: Holder, Bases, and Connectors for Solid-State (LED) Light Engines and Arrays |
Ballasts | UL 935: Standard for Fluorescent-Lamp Ballasts |
Ballasts | UL 1029: Standard for High-Intensity-Discharge Lamp Ballasts |
Ballasts | UL 542: Fluorescent Lamp Starters |
Luminaires | UL 153: Portable Electric Luminaires |
Mounting | UL 496: Lampholders |
General Lighting | UL 2108: Low Voltage Lighting System |
Speciatly Lighting | UL 924: Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment |
Specialty Lighting | UL 676: Underwater Luminaires and Submersible Junction Boxes |
Specialty Lighting | UL 48: Electric Signs |
Specialty Lighting | UL 1574: Track Lighting Systems |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Definitions/ Specifications | IEC 60050-845 ed1.0 (1987-12): International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Lighting |
Incandescent Lamps | IEC 60064 ed6.0 (1993-12): Tungsten filament lamps for domestic and similar general lighting purposes - Performance requirements |
Fluorescent Lamps | IEC 60081 ed5.0 (1997-12): Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Performance specifications |
HID Lamps | IEC 60188 ed3.0 (2001-05): High-pressure mercury vapour lamps - Performance specifications |
Incandescent Lamps | IEC 60357 ed3.0 (2002-11): Tungsten halogen lamps (non vehicle) - Performance specifications |
Installation | IEC 60364: Low-voltage electrical installations |
Incandescent Lamps | IEC 60432: Incandescent lamps - Safety specifications |
Luminaires | IEC 60598-2-2 ed3.0 (2011-11): Luminaires - Part 2-2: Particular requirements - Recessed luminaires |
Luminaires | IEC 60598-2-22 ed3.0 (1997-08): Luminaires - Part 2-22: Particular requirements - Luminaires for emergency lighting |
HID Lamps | IEC 60662 ed2.0 (2011-02): High-pressure sodium vapour lamps - Performance specifications |
Mounting | IEC 60838: Miscellaneous lampholders |
Fluorescent Lamps | IEC 60901 ed2.0 (1996-03): Single-capped fluorescent lamps - Performance specifications |
Fluorescent Lamps | IEC 60969 ed1.0 (1988-12): Self-ballasted lamps for general lighting services - Performance requirements |
HID Lamps | IEC 61167 ed2.0 (2011-03): Metal halide lamps - Performance specification |
Ballasts | IEC 61347: Lamp control gear |
Specialty Lighting | IEC 62034 ed2.0 (2012-02): Automatic test systems for battery powered emergency escape lighting |
Rural Systems | IEC/TS 62257-9-5 ed2.0 (2013-04): Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification - Part 9-5: Integrated system - Selection of stand-alone lighting kits for rural electrification |
Rural Systems | IEC/TS 62257-12-1 ed1.0 (2007-06): Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification - Part 12-1: Selection of self-ballasted lamps (CFL) for rural electrification systems and recommendations for household lighting equipment |
Definitions/ Specifications | IEC/TS 62504 ed1.0 (2011-03): General lighting - LEDs and LED modules - Terms and definitions |
Fluorescent Lamps | IEC 62639 ed1.0 (2012-02): Fluorescent induction lamps - Performance specification |
LEDs |
IEC/PAS 62717 ed1.0 (2011-04): LED modules for general lighting - Performance requirements |
LEDs | IEC/PAS 62722-2-1 ed1.0 (2011-06): Luminaire performance - Part 2-1: Particular requirements for LED luminaires |
Category | Standard |
---|---|
Lighting Power Densities | IECC 2012 |