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Hybrid Systems

Hybrid Systems employ a number of different technologies. A system could include photovoltaic panels, a wind turbine, batteries, and a generator. With reliable solar and wind resources, this system would rarely need to rely on a generator. Since the generator can recharge the batteries during prolonged periods of inclement weather, the battery bank in a hybrid system can be significantly smaller than a PV-battery system, perhaps only needing to store one or two days' worth of energy. Diesel/PV/battery or Diesel/battery hybrid systems should be seriously considered for all but the smallest of off-grid health facilities.

Cost Considerations

The capital cost of a hybrid system is much higher than a system using only propane generators (or diesel generators); however, a hybrid system often results in significant savings over a 20-year lifetime, primarily due to savings on maintenance and fuel costs. The lifetime of a generator in a hybrid system is extended because it does not have to run as often. When emission savings are considered, the benefits of the hybrid system become even more apparent. For a more detailed explanation, refer to Case Study I: Evaluating Energy Generation Options or visit the hybrid optimization tool.

Maintenance Considerations

A monthly check is recommended for hybrid systems. The generator is not designed for heavy use within a hybrid system, but still requires periodic attention. A regular maintenance program will also help maintain personnel familiarity with the system’s proper operation.

Lessons Learned

• Hybrid systems (including renewable energy, batteries, and back-up generators) are a feasible option for many medium-to-large loads.
• Reduced operating costs will offset high initial capital costs over time.
• The increased complexity of hybrid systems requires sound maintenance programs and trained technicians.

Additional Resources

These are links to external publications and Web sites that have information on issues related to providing reliable electricity and energy services at health facilities. USAID and Powering Health make no warrantee or guarantee regarding these external resources, and the organizations hosting these resources are solely responsible for their content.