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Powering Health

Electrification Options for Developing Country Health Facilities

Training Materials

A man standing in the front of a room presents information projected on a screen. The information indicates the two types of electrical current.

USAID specialists present information on electrification to health facility engineers at the training facility in Jacmel, Haiti. (Photo: Jeff Haeni)

Training health care staff on energy management practices is a vital component to successful health facility electrification efforts.

Any investment in health facility energy technologies must go hand-in-hand with frequent training on the operation, use, and maintenance of the system. Each stakeholder must be equipped to carry out his or her duties.

Training staff to install and maintain energy systems is often the first step to ensure system sustainability in developing countries. The successful implementation and operation of an electrification program will likely involve a multi-tiered support structure and training will be required at each level.

At the facility level, health care professionals or another local stakeholder must be trained to perform basic system operation and care. This is particularly important for remote locations where service personnel are not likely to make regular visits. Experience has demonstrated that with minimal training energy system owners are capable of performing the required routine maintenance checks required for a system to operate successfully. Ideally, this local user training should be a required component of system installation protocols. The distribution of “user guides” is also recommended in case of staff turnover.

When the local user encounters a problem that they are unable to repair, they must have a pre-determined contact at the regional or national level that is trained to diagnose and correct all potential system problems. These individuals should be energy professionals with extensive training in the proper installation and operation of that particular system. These technicians could be employed by a government agency, or they could be hired from the private sector. The number of installations, size of a country, and accessibility of the facilities in a given country will determine if this support can be provided at the national level or if regional representatives are required.

Haiti Training Materials

In a country-wide assessment completed in October of 2007, SunEnergy Power International and the Energy Team of USAID recommended that the next step for Haiti was to increase their in-country capabilities for proper installation of inverter / battery systems, and provided this training in May, 2008. The presentations used are provided below.

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A man standing in the front of a room presents information projected on a screen. The information indicates the two types of electrical current.

December 2011 training participants.

Tetra Tech, December 5-9, 2011

The IHFI project's training efforts continued in December with another training workshop in Port-au-Prince. 13 hospital technicians, 1 administrator and 2 technical staff from the Ministry of Health Project Management Unit (UGP) were trained on operation, maintenance and data logging on battery, inverter and diesel generator systems. This workshop also featured additional training materials in Creole which will be expanded upon for future trainings.

The workshop generated good will and a sense of empowerment among technicians, something that has typically been lacking in many health facilities in Haiti. Moreover, the workshop helped build relationships among the technicians, and more importantly, between technicians and the UGP.

Course materials are available below:

 

 

Name and Description Language File Type File Size
Energy Backup Systems Maintenance Training for Hospital Technicians – December 2011 Report
The final report for the December 2011 training session.  The report summarizes the course content , introduces the trainers and gives participant evaluation feedback.
English PDF 1,891K
Log Book Cover
Custom log book cover for IHFI training workshops.
French
Word 1,190K
Technician Duties Summary
A brief summary of technician maintenance duties, developed as a reference for health facility technicians in Haiti.
English, Creole Word 19K
Daily Log Sheet
Updated from previous workshops. A daily log sheet template designed for health facility technicians in Haiti. Information on the battery bank's voltage and state of charge, as well as generator and grid operating hours are recorded on a daily basis to ensure proper system monitoring.
Creole Excel 26K
Monthly Technician Log
Updated from previous workshops. A daily energy system log template. Includes an illustrated guide to determining energy system performance with an OutBack MATE system monitor.
Creole Excel 1,113K
Equalization—Instruction
Instructions for testing and logging electrolyte specific gravity for battery banks. Specific gravity tests tell technicians when the battery bank needs and equalization charge.
Creole Word 93K
Equalization—Hydrometer Diagram
An illustration showing how to correctly use and read a hydrometer when testing the specific gravity of battery cells.
English PDF 662K
Equalization—Battery Diagram Exercise
An exercise asking participants to accurately diagram their facility's battery bank.
English Word 30K
Equalization—Data Log
A log and questionnaire designed to help Haitian facility technicians track specific gravity in their battery banks.
Creole PDF 59K
Equalization—Data Log
A log and questionnaire designed to help Haitian facility technicians track specific gravity in their battery banks.
Creole Excel 23K

 

A man standing in the front of a room presents information projected on a screen. The information indicates the two types of electrical current.

Training participants displaying their certificates of completion.

Tetra Tech and Haiti Tec, March 28-31, 2011

USAID's Improving Health Facility Infrastructure (IHFI) project designed and implemented a training workshop for hospital technicians in the maintenance and monitoring of key power backup systems (batteries, inverters, diesel generators) being installed in Haitian health facilities. IHFI worked with the Ministry of Health Project Management Unit (UGP) which sponsored and co- funded the training, including bringing 21 hospital technicians and some administrative and other technical staff from facilities throughout Haiti to Port-au-Prince for four days of training.

Workshop materials and basic electrical tools were provided to each technician, and interactive, hands-on sessions were designed to meet the training objectives. In addition, participants were taught how to measure and log readings in logbooks and sheets designed for this purpose.

Course materials are available below:

 

 

Name and Description Language File Type File Size
Energy Backup Systems Maintenance Training for Hospital Technicians – March 2011 Report
The final report for the March 2011 training session.  The report summarizes the course content and introduces the trainers.  Also included are participant evaluation feedback and participant follow-up reports.
English PDF 3,257K
Workshop Schedule
Course schedule for the four-day training session held at Haiti Tec in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, March 28-31, 2011.
French PDF 27K
System Configurations
Developed by SunEPI.  Grid Only System, Grid plus Generator, Add Inverter/Charger-Battys, Different Generator Wiring, Remove Generator, Off-Grid, Generator Only, Off-Grid: Generator and Inverter/Charger, Off-Grid: PV/Inv/Batteries, Off-Grid: Hybrid.
English PDF 420K
Example System & Alarm
An easy to understand example schematic of a health facility energy system and an illustrated guide to addressing a “Low Battery” alarm.
Creole PDF 1,767K
Example System & Alarm
An easy to understand example schematic of a health facility energy system and an illustrated guide to addressing a “Low Battery” alarm.
English PDF 1,761K
Battery Maintenance Flyer
A quick reference card for battery maintenance.
Creole PDF 958K
Technician Load Sheet Example
An example health facility load calculation for reference by facility technicians.
English Excel 109K
Technician System Size Example
Example health facility energy system documentation, including: system components, system size, facility power sources, and commissioning and inspection dates.
English Excel 104K
Daily Log Sheet
A daily log sheet template designed for health facility technicians in Haiti.  Information on the battery bank’s voltage and state of charge, as well as generator and grid operating hours are recorded on a daily basis to ensure proper system monitoring.
Creole Excel 26K
Maintenance Summary
A brief summary of technician maintenance duties, developed as a reference for health facility technicians in Haiti.
Creole Excel 24K
Example Logging
An example energy system log, showing daily energy usage and battery bank state of charge for one month.
English Excel 12K
Monthly Technician Log
A daily energy system log template, similar to the Example Logging.  Also includes an illustrated guide to determining energy system performance with an OutBack MATE system monitor.
Creole Excel 930K
Warnings and Errors
An illustrated quick reference guide to troubleshooting energy system warnings and errors using an OutBack MATE system monitor.
Creole PDF 5,888K
Warnings and Errors
An illustrated quick reference guide to troubleshooting energy system warnings and errors using an OutBack MATE system monitor.
English PDF 5,896K
Generator Configuration
Developed by SunEPI.  Typical Back-up Generator Configuration, Emergency Loads Only, Add Inverter/Batteries, Add other Emergency Loads, Whole facility generator plus the inverter/batteries, Stand-by vs. Primary Power.
English PDF 350K

 

A man standing in the front of a room presents information projected on a screen. The information indicates the two types of electrical current.

Training participants at the Haiti National Reference Laboratory.

SunEnergy Power International, May 12-23, 2008

The two week training course held in May 2008 was sponsored by the USG PEPFAR program and the Haiti National Reference Laboratory. The training was targeted at health facility managers and laboratory specialists and the agenda covered options for providing health facilities with continuous and high quality power needed for effective operation.

The first week of training covered key concepts and design issues while the second week focused on hands-on application of the material as the class retrofitted a health facility. The training course manual covered the design, installation, and operation of back-up power systems (inverters, batteries, generators, power conditioners and solar). Several trainees and private sector energy service providers made presentations throughout the training course.

During the second week of training, students designed and installed an energy system for a nearby health facility. The students trained the health facility manager on the operation and basic maintenance of the system and a contract was signed with a local service provider to maintain the energy systems.

Course materials are available below:

 

 

Name and Description Language File Type File Size
Course Agenda The schedule for the two-week training program. English PDF 66K
Training Course Manual: Real World Installation Considerations for Inverter / Charger / Battery Equipment A short manual from USAID that addresses the most common problems observed in the field and discusses practical applications regarding inverter / charger and battery equipment.  This manual is based on the Xantrax Model SW inverter, which is frequently found in Haitian health facilities. English PDF 1,091K
Student System Design A schematic diagram of the energy system designed and installed by training participants. English PDF 53K
Generator Sizing Typical Back-up Generator Configuration, Likely Health Center Load Profile, Sizing the Generator, Generator Alone Sizing Result, Power for Inverter / Batteries, Charging the Batteries, Generator Run Time with Batteries, Generator Fuel Consumption, The rising cost of Fuel. English PDF 438K
System Configurations Grid Only System, Grid plus Generator, Add Inverter/Charger-Battys, Different Generator Wiring, Remove Generator, Off-Grid, Generator Only, Off-Grid: Generator and Inverter/Charger, Off-Grid: PV/Inv/Batteries, Off-Grid: Hybrid. English PDF 419K
Generator Configurations Typical Back-up Generator Configuration, Emergency Loads Only, Add Inverter/Batteries, Add other Emergency Loads, Whole facility generator plus the inverter/batteries, Stand-by vs. Primary Power. English PDF 350K
PV Components Photos English PDF 12.5MB
Inverter Installation and Operation The Inverter is just one piece, Elements of the Inverter/Charger, Applicability, Modes of Operation: AC IN Operational, When AC IN Power is lost, AC IN 1 and AC IN 2, Connections to the Real World, AC OUT Connections, AC IN Connections, AC IN 1 – Grid Supply, AC IN 2 – Generator, AC IN from both Generator and Grid, AC IN and OUT Connections, DC Connections, Connecting the DC Cables to the Inverter, Polarity, DC Cable – from Battery to Inverter, Battery Cable Sizing (use 4/0), Series Connections, Connecting Batteries, Paralleling Batteries, Keep the Battery Cables Together, Sum-UP. English PDF 874K
Generators Three Phase vs. Single Phase Power Generator Formulas, Amperage of 3 Ph Generators, Amperage of 1 Ph Generators, Compare 3 PH to 1 PH, Examples, The result, Other likely Scenarios, Discussion Topics. English PDF 301K
Sun as Resource Strength of the sun, Orientation of the sun, Shading. English PDF 859K
Operation, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting Operation and Maintenance, Operations Situations, Daily Log, Logging the System Status, Battery Maintenance, Preventing Discharge, Load Management to Prevent Battery Discharge, Battery Charging, Maintain Electrolyte Level, Keep Batteries Clean, Battery Cut-Away, Equalizing the Battery (liquid filled ONLY), System Disconnects on low Voltage (or Frequency), Effect of too small AC IN Wire, Troubleshooting, Load Management and Alarms, Alarm Wiring. English PDF 535K
Programming To Access Set-up Menu (Menu items 9 through 20), Menu 9: Inverter Setup, Notes on Search Function, Menu 10: Battery Charging, Sample Trojan Battery Voltage Recommendations, Charging Voltages, Battery Voltages, Menu 11: AC Inputs, Menu 18: Grid Usage Timer, Programming Caution. English PDF 344K

Related Content

Haiti Country Page
The latest information on USAID's Improving Health Facility Infrastructure (IHFI) project in Haiti

Make Investments Sustainable
The sustainability of any on-site technologies at health facilities requires proper operations, maintenance, and energy management which can only be achieved with proper institutional support structures, funding and training.

Maintenance Logs and Checklists
Maintenance logs and task checklists should be maintained for all on-site energy supply equipment.